By Vinod Chathuranga
Ayurveda, the ancient system of natural medicine originating in India over 3,000 years ago, plays a significant role in shaping Sri Lankan cuisine. Rooted in the principles of balance and holistic well-being, Ayurvedic practices deeply influence the way Sri Lankans prepare and consume their meals. This article explores how Ayurvedic principles are incorporated into daily meals in Sri Lanka, highlighting the use of herbs and spices believed to have health benefits and the balance of flavors to promote overall well-being.
The Principles of Ayurveda in Cooking
At its core, Ayurveda is about balance—balancing the three doshas (Vata, Pitta, and Kapha) which are believed to govern bodily functions and characteristics. Each individual has a unique constitution, and maintaining balance among these doshas is key to health. Ayurvedic cooking aims to support this balance by using specific ingredients and cooking methods that align with one’s dosha type.
Sri Lankan cuisine naturally aligns with Ayurvedic principles through its emphasis on seasonal and locally-sourced ingredients, a wide variety of spices, and cooking methods that preserve nutritional value.
Herbs and Spices: Nature’s Pharmacy
Herbs and spices are the cornerstone of Ayurvedic cooking, not only for their flavors but also for their medicinal properties. Sri Lankan cuisine makes extensive use of these, transforming everyday meals into therapeutic experiences.
Turmeric: Known for its anti-inflammatory properties, turmeric is a staple in Sri Lankan cooking. It is used in curries, soups, and rice dishes. Its active compound, curcumin, is believed to aid in digestion and boost the immune system.
Cumin: This spice aids in digestion and helps to balance Vata and Kapha doshas. It is commonly used in tempering (the frying of spices in oil to release their flavors) and is a key ingredient in many Sri Lankan curry powders.
Coriander: Both the seeds and leaves are used in Sri Lankan cuisine. Coriander is known for its cooling properties, making it ideal for balancing the Pitta dosha. It is often used in chutneys, curries, and as a garnish.
Ginger: Fresh and dried ginger are widely used for their warming properties, beneficial for digestion and balancing the Kapha dosha. Ginger tea is a popular remedy for colds and digestive issues.
Cinnamon: Native to Sri Lanka, true cinnamon (Ceylon cinnamon) is prized for its sweet, warming flavor and its ability to regulate blood sugar levels. It is used in both sweet and savory dishes, as well as in traditional Ayurvedic medicine.
The Balance of Flavors
Ayurvedic cooking emphasizes the inclusion of all six tastes—sweet, sour, salty, bitter, pungent, and astringent—in each meal to promote satisfaction and balance. Sri Lankan meals naturally incorporate these tastes through a variety of dishes served together, ensuring a harmonious balance.
Sweet: Derived from natural ingredients like coconut milk, jaggery, and ripe fruits, the sweet taste is nourishing and grounding, balancing Vata and Pitta doshas.
Sour: Tamarind, lime, and fermented foods add the sour taste, which stimulates digestion and balances Vata.
Salty: Sea salt and other natural salts enhance flavor and aid in digestion, balancing Vata and Kapha doshas.
Bitter: Bitter gourd, fenugreek, and certain leafy greens provide the bitter taste, which detoxifies and balances Pitta and Kapha doshas.
Pungent: The heat from chili peppers, black pepper, garlic, and ginger adds the pungent taste, stimulating metabolism and balancing Kapha.
Astringent: Lentils, beans, and certain vegetables contribute the astringent taste, which is drying and cooling, balancing Pitta and Kapha doshas.
Traditional Dishes with Ayurvedic Roots
Many traditional Sri Lankan dishes exemplify Ayurvedic principles. For example:
Gotu Kola Sambol: This salad made from finely chopped gotu kola (a leafy green known for its brain-boosting properties), grated coconut, lime juice, and chili is a classic Ayurvedic dish that balances all three doshas.
Herbal Porridge (Kola Kenda): Made with various medicinal herbs, rice, and coconut milk, this porridge is consumed for its detoxifying and nourishing properties.
Lunu Miris: A fiery sambol made from chili, salt, and lime juice, often served with hoppers or rice. Despite its simplicity, it packs a punch in terms of flavor and digestive benefits.
The Ayurvedic Meal Experience
In Ayurveda, the act of eating is considered a ritual. Meals are ideally eaten in a calm environment, with mindfulness and gratitude, to enhance digestion and absorption of nutrients. In Sri Lanka, communal eating and the sharing of food reflect these values, fostering a sense of community and well-being.
The influence of Ayurveda on Sri Lankan cuisine is profound, turning everyday meals into a form of natural medicine. By incorporating a variety of herbs and spices with known health benefits and balancing the six tastes, Sri Lankan cooking not only delights the palate but also promotes holistic well-being. This integration of Ayurvedic principles into daily life is a testament to the deep connection between food, culture, and health on the island. Through this culinary tradition, Sri Lankans continue to honor their heritage while nourishing both body and soul.
