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X-Press Pearl Disaster: Sri Lanka Faces $1B Liability and Fisherfolk Struggle

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The 2021 X-Press Pearl disaster, one of the most catastrophic maritime accidents in Sri Lanka’s recent history, continues to reverberate across the island nation, particularly affecting coastal communities and the global shipping industry. A $1 billion court ruling against the vessel’s owners has intensified debates over liability, compensation, and the broader environmental and economic impact.

The X-Press Pearl, a container ship carrying hazardous chemicals, caught fire off the coast of Colombo after a corrosive substance leaked from a container that port authorities had refused to offload. The blaze resulted in the release of thousands of tons of plastic pellets and chemicals into the surrounding waters, devastating marine life and severely impacting the livelihoods of local fishing communities. Families dependent on fishing reported massive losses, with fish stocks contaminated and their traditional income streams disrupted for months.

Compensation for affected communities has been fraught with delays. Despite the court ruling, many fisherfolk claim that payments have been slow or inadequate. Local authorities and NGOs have been advocating for streamlined compensation processes, arguing that timely financial relief is crucial for communities struggling to recover from both environmental and economic shocks.

The court ruling has also triggered concerns in the global maritime insurance sector. Unlike many maritime nations, Sri Lanka is not a signatory to international conventions that cap ship owners’ liability, leaving ship owners potentially exposed to unlimited claims. James Bean, CEO of the London P&I Club, which insured the X-Press Pearl, described the judgment as “alarming,” warning that it could drive up marine insurance premiums and encourage operators to use unregulated or uninsured vessels, known as “shadow fleets.”

Furthermore, international maritime conventions do not currently cover the spillage of plastic pellets, highlighting gaps in environmental protection mechanisms. Experts warn that the combination of unlimited liability and unregulated environmental exposure could have long-term repercussions for shipping operations and port economics in Sri Lanka, potentially affecting trade competitiveness.

Government officials have emphasized their commitment to enforcing court rulings and ensuring that affected communities receive due compensation. Meanwhile, environmental agencies continue cleanup operations, though the long-term ecological impact remains a concern. Analysts suggest that Sri Lanka’s approach to maritime liability and environmental disasters could serve as a case study for other nations grappling with industrial accidents and insurance challenges.

The X-Press Pearl disaster underscores the need for stronger regulatory frameworks, timely compensation mechanisms, and comprehensive environmental safeguards to protect both communities and the maritime industry from similar catastrophes in the future.

Hambantota Port Throughput Soars 151% amid Major Expansion Drive

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Hambantota International Port (HIP) has recorded an extraordinary 151% year-on-year surge in cargo throughput, reaching 6.03 million metric tons by the end of September 2025 compared to 2.39 million tons in the same period last year. The growth comes despite logistical challenges triggered by the lifting of Sri Lanka’s vehicle import ban earlier this year.

The removal of import restrictions led to increased congestion and clearance delays, testing the port’s storage and operational capacities. To address these pressures, HIP’s Operations Department implemented a comprehensive optimisation plan—reconfiguring yard allocation, balancing container flows, and enhancing stacking strategies to maintain efficiency. Additional manpower was deployed, with an expanded team of stevedores and extended yard space ensuring uninterrupted vessel operations.

According to internal financial data, the port’s revenue for the first nine months of 2025 is estimated at over US$ 132 million, marking a 48% rise from the same period in 2024. Expenditure climbed to around US$ 84 million due to infrastructure expansion, higher energy costs, and increased staffing, though net operating profit improved significantly, highlighting the port’s growing operational strength.

HIP’s expansion momentum continues on several fronts. In late 2024, the port commissioned US$ 41 million worth of cranes, lifting its container handling capacity to 1 million TEUs annually. The port’s bunkering and energy services have also advanced sharply, with LPG throughput up by 38% and bunker fuel volumes rising 21% year-on-year. Vehicle transshipment, one of HIP’s key revenue drivers, grew 26% this year, reflecting its strengthening role as a regional automotive logistics hub.

HIPG CEO Wilson Qu stated, “As we approach the close of 2025, Hambantota Port remains firmly focused on reliability and resilience under rising demand. Our investments in technology, capacity, and workforce development underscore our long-term commitment to supporting Sri Lanka’s logistics and energy ambitions.”

The port’s performance places it among the fastest-growing maritime facilities in South Asia. With strategic expansion projects and sustained revenue growth, Hambantota International Port is evolving into a fully integrated multipurpose logistics center, reinforcing Sri Lanka’s position on key global shipping routes.

Sri Lanka Revamps Tax Rules to Attract Mega Investors

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Sri Lanka is set to introduce a competitive and rules-based tax framework for large-scale investors, following discussions with the International Monetary Fund (IMF). Board of Investment (BOI) Chairman Arjuna Herath confirmed that the new regime will target projects exceeding 50 million US dollars.

The move comes after the government suspended long-standing tax holidays of up to 20 years under the Strategic Development Project (SDP) Act. These holidays were criticized for allowing arbitrary, negotiated taxes that lacked transparency. The IMF-backed reforms aim to restore confidence among investors by establishing clear and predictable tax policies.

“We have worked closely with the IMF to implement SDP project concessions,” Herath said. “Projects over 50 million dollars will benefit from attractive concessions based on thresholds, making Sri Lanka more competitive.” The reforms will also end the practice of tax-free salaries for senior executives in SDP companies.

Currently, Sri Lanka imposes a 30 percent corporate tax rate, higher than the 20 percent rates in East Asian nations such as Vietnam and Cambodia. Herath highlighted that countries with monetary stability, including Singapore and Cambodia, maintain competitive environments with stable inflation and minimal currency crises, enabling them to offer investor-friendly regimes without arbitrary tax interventions.

 Sri Lanka has historically experienced balance of payments crises that often led to ad hoc tax hikes. The first major crisis occurred in 1952/53, prompting income and import tax increases. Tax holidays were previously suggested by the Central Bank to offset uncompetitive taxes. Presently, global trends, including US pressure on countries with low corporate taxes, are influencing Sri Lanka’s new strategy, aiming for fiscal stability and international alignment.

Latest SDP and Mega Project Investments: In the first half of 2025, Sri Lanka approved over 12 projects qualifying as SDPs, totaling investments exceeding 800 million US dollars. Major sectors attracting investment include renewable energy, port infrastructure, IT parks, and manufacturing hubs. The government’s intention is to provide streamlined concessions to encourage further foreign investment, ensuring that large-scale projects benefit from a transparent and competitive tax framework.

Sri Lanka Records Over 103,000 Tourist Arrivals in First 20 Days of October

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The Sri Lanka Tourism Development Authority (SLTDA) reports that 103,491 tourists visited the country during the first 20 days of October 2025.

According to SLTDA data, India remains the top source market, contributing 29,460 visitors (28.5%), followed by 8,529 from the United Kingdom8,063 from China6,305 from Germany, and 5,469 from Russia.

With these arrivals, Sri Lanka’s total tourist arrivals for 2025 have reached 1,828,985. The top five source markets so far this year are:

  • India: 404,752 visitors
  • United Kingdom: 170,422
  • Russia: 127,613
  • Germany: 113,293
  • China: 109,653

The SLTDA also noted that 158,971 foreign nationals visited the country in September 2025, marking a 30.2% increasecompared to September 2024, reflecting sustained growth in the island’s tourism sector.

SJB’s Rehan Jayawickrama Accuses Government of Cover-Up in Weligama PS Chairman’s Killing

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Samagi Jana Balawegaya (SJB) Weligama Organiser Rehan Jayawickrama has accused the government of attempting to “cover up” the killing of Weligama Pradeshiya Sabha Chairman Lasantha Wickramasekara by dismissing it as an underworld-related incident.

Jayawickrama alleged that the government’s narrative was a “convenient cover-up under the label of underworld activity,” adding that the late Chairman had formally warned police of threats to his life.

According to Jayawickrama, in August 2025, Wickramasekara had written to the Inspector General of Police (IGP)outlining an alleged assassination plot targeting him either outside court or at the Pradeshiya Sabha premises, and had requested police protection, which was never provided.

He further said that the claims now being circulated about Wickramasekara’s alleged criminal connections were “nothing new,” and had previously surfaced when the NPP government came under fire over accusations of politically motivated abductions and staged shootings.

“The late Chairman won his ward in Midigama with 67% of the vote. He wasn’t handpicked through a national list; he earned his mandate directly from the people,” Jayawickrama said, questioning how the same administration that allowed him to contest and hold office now describes him as a “known criminal.”

He also pointed out that many of the cases cited against Wickramasekara were filed during the Gotabaya Rajapaksa administration, allegedly under “corrupt and politically influenced police officials.”

Jayawickrama said repeated requests for police protection for Wickramasekara and other SJB members went unanswered.

“Dismissing the killing as an underworld issue is hypocrisy,” he said, adding that “everyone deserves their day in court.”

“The Chairman was murdered inside his official workplace — on the very chair he was elected to occupy,” Jayawickrama stressed.

Train Services on Main Line Resume

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The Department of Railways has announced that several train journeys along the Main Line, which were temporarily suspended due to a train derailment and adverse weather conditions, have resumed operations starting today (23).

Accordingly, several trains operating between Kandy and Colombo Fort, as well as from Colombo Fort to Kandy, are functioning from 4:30 a.m. today.

The following trains are in operation this morning:

  • 4:30 a.m. – Kandy to Colombo Fort
  • 5:00 a.m. – Kandy to Colombo Fort
  • 6:15 a.m. – Kandy to Colombo Fort
  • 5:55 a.m. – Colombo Fort to Badulla

Additionally, two trains from Kandy to Badulla will depart at:

  • 11:15 a.m.
  • 12:35 p.m.

However, the 7:00 a.m. train from Colombo Fort to Kandy will not operate today (23), the Department of Railways stated.

10-Hour Water Cut in Several Colombo Areas Today (Oct. 23)

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The National Water Supply and Drainage Board (NWSDB) has announced that a 10-hour water cut will be in effect in several areas within the Colombo District today (Wednesday, October 23), from *10:00 a.m. to 8:00 p.m.

According to the NWSDB, the interruption is due to a power supply failure at the Thulumuhuwa main pumping station, which provides water to the Ambatale Water Treatment Plant. As a result, the water supply from the Ambatale facility will be temporarily suspended.

The following areas will be affected by the water cut:

Colombo 01–15, Battaramulla, Pelawatta, Hokandara, Koswatta, Thalawathugoda, Kotte, Rajagiriya, Mirihana, Madivela, Nugegoda, Nawala, Kolonnawa, IDH, Kotikawatta, Angoda, Wellampitiya, Orugodawatta, Maharagama, and Boralesgamuwa.

The Water Board has advised residents in the affected areas to store adequate water in advance and to use water sparingly during this period.

Dhammika Perera’s Hayleys Group to Launch 100 Supermarkets Across Sri Lanka

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Hayleys PLC, one of Sri Lanka’s largest and most diversified conglomerates owned by renowned business magnate Dhammika Perera, has announced its strategic entry into the country’s large-scale supermarket sector.

According to the company, the initiative will begin with the launch of 100 retail outlets across major urban and suburban areas, marking a significant expansion into the consumer retail space.

Hayleys stated that Sri Lanka’s improving economic conditions, rapid urbanization, and evolving consumer lifestyles present a substantial opportunity for growth in the retail industry. The group aims to capitalize on these trends through this bold new venture.

Dhammika Perera, who continues to dominate Sri Lanka’s business landscape, has further strengthened his corporate portfolio this year by acquiring four major companies, including Laugfs Holdings, underscoring his ongoing commitment to expanding and diversifying his business empire.

WEATHER FORECAST FOR 23 OCTOBER 2025

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Showers or thundershowers will occur at times in Western, Sabaragamuwa, Central, North-western provinces and in Galle and Matara districts.

Fairly heavy falls above 75 mm are likely at some places in these areas.

Several spells of showers will occur in Northern and North Central provinces.

Showers or thundershowers will occur at several places in Uva province and Batticaloa and Ampara districts after 1.00 p.m.

Strong winds of about (40-50) kmph can be expected at times over Western slopes of the central hills and in Western, Northern, North-central, North-western and Southern provinces and in Trincomalee district.

The general public is kindly requested to take adequate precautions to minimize damages caused by temporary localized strong winds and lightning during thundershowers.

Weligama Pradeshiya Sabha Chairman Lasantha Wickramasekara Shot Dead

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Weligama Pradeshiya Sabha Chairman Lasantha Wickramasekara, popularly known as “Midigama Lasa,” has been shot dead in a gun attack that occurred earlier today.

According to reports, the incident took place while Mr. Wickramasekara was seated in his office chair at the Weligama Pradeshiya Sabha premises. Two unidentified gunmen arrived on a motorcycle and opened fire at him before fleeing the scene.

Lasantha Wickramasekara, a resident of Midigama, was 38 years old at the time of his death.

Police have launched a full-scale investigation into the shooting, and initial inquiries are underway to identify the assailants and determine the motive behind the attack.

Authorities have cordoned off the area, and security has been heightened around the Weligama Pradeshiya Sabha following the incident.