China’s Foreign Ministry Spokesperson Mao Ning says the Export-Import Bank of China will provide an extension on the debt service to Sri Lanka due in 2022 and 2023.
Sri Lanka will not have to repay the principal and interest due on the Bank’s loans during the above-mentioned period, so as to help relieve Sri Lanka’s short-term debt repayment pressure, she explained
Meanwhile, she said the Bank would like to have friendly consultations with Sri Lanka regarding medium- and long-term debt treatment in this window period and the Bank will make best efforts to contribute to the debt sustainability of Sri Lanka.
The Bank also noted that it will support Sri Lanka in its loan application to the IMF while continuously in touch with commercial creditors (including the International Sovereign Bondholders) to provide debt treatment in an equally comparable manner.
It will also encourage multilateral creditors to do their utmost to make corresponding contributions.
Addressing a regular Press conference she further noted that the financing support document is aimed at combining an “immediate contingency measure” and “medium- and long-term debt treatment” to rapidly, effectively and truly resolve Sri Lanka’s debt issue.
As far as I have learned, China is the first official bilateral creditor to have taken the initiative to announce debt extension to Sri Lanka. This speaks to China’s sincerity and action to support Sri Lanka’s effort to achieve debt sustainability,’ she said.
Ning further said that China calls on all other creditors of Sri Lanka, especially multilateral creditors, to take synchronized, similar steps and give effective, strong support to Sri Lanka to help the country emerge from its default status at an early date.
It will work out an arrangement for Sri Lanka to achieve medium- and long-term debt sustainability.
China also calls on the IMF to take into full consideration the urgency of the situation in Sri Lanka and provide loan support as soon as possible to relieve the country’s liquidity strain.
“Going forward, China will continue to support relevant financial institutions in actively working out the debt treatment.
We will work with relevant countries and international financial institutions to jointly play a positive role in helping Sri Lanka navigate the situation, ease its debt burden and achieve sustainable development,” the Spokesperson said.
She said that China hoped the IMF will take into full consideration the situation on the ground in Sri Lanka and provide loan support as soon as possible so as to relieve the country’s liquidity strain.
Chinese Exim Bank assures two year Debt moratorium for Sri Lanka
LCC goes from pillar to post to find Rs15.3 billion to buy coal
Off the back of delaying payments for 12 coal shipments to run Norochcholai coal power plant with full capacity of 900 megawatts before the monsoon ( April 20), Lanka Coal Company Chairman of the Lanka Coal Company is going from pillar to post to find Rs15.3 billion required immediately to buy coal for the upcoming week.
Chairman of Lanka Coal Company Shehan Sumanasekera, has raised concerns about the continuation of operations at the Norochcholai power plant if the required funds for coal purchase are not obtained.
He has proposed that the Central Bank of Sri Lanka (CBSL) provide the required amount in dollars as payments for such shipments are usually done in two installments 30 percent at the time of the shipment, and 70percent when the coal is being unloaded.
He noted that two of these payments have already been delayed wing to a lack of funds.and it has to make these payments for three coal shipments from 30 January to 03 February.
The company has paid the first installment of 30 percent of Rs. 1.35 billion for one shipment, however the initial installments for the other two ships are yet to be paid, and these were due on Thursday and Friday of last week”, the Chairman said.
He further noted that a more grave situation is likely to arise in the upcoming week, as the initial payments of 30 percent to two of the three shipments, and the remaining 70 percent due for all three ships will be added to the cost of Rs. 10.74 billion required for coal procurements scheduled for the period between today (04 Feb.) and 10 February.
Previously Sumanasekera requested Minister of Power and Energy Kanchana Wijesekera for US$ 12.32 million, amounting to Rs. 4.56 billion, to pay for the three shipments of coal for which payments are overdue.
For a season Lanka Coal Company (LCC) requires 2 million mt of coal – 33 ship loads to manage the current season and also to store the buffer stock for the Monsoon season.
The LCC is bringing 21 ship loads of coal under already given contracts to two supplier companies early last year, official sources said.
The procurement committee has called for Expressions of Interest (EOI) from prospective suppliers and government to government proposals, on a long-term credit basis to bring these 12 shipments and the EOI was called by LCC for this purpose last year.
For the first time in history, for a contract of over US$ 300 million, an EOI was called from suppliers without asking to submit a bid bond. Further they were not asked to give a performance bond too.
This was a conspiracy to bring unknown paper companies to the bidding process and to drag the supply. (Specially these 12 shipments which were to be supplied coal on credit basis) sources said. .
Pakistan’s ex President Pervez Musharraf dies aged 79
BBC: The political career of Pervez Musharraf, Pakistan’s most recent military ruler who has died aged 79, was defined by its extremes.
After seizing power in a 1999 coup, Musharraf went on to survive numerous assassination attempts – finding himself on the front line of the struggle between militant Islam and the West.
Notably, he formed an alliance with the United States, claiming it helped him modernise Pakistan and improve the economy.
But by 2008, the career soldier had suffered defeat at the polls and was forced from office. His political career ultimately ended in disgrace and arrest: he was sentenced to death in absentia for treason in 2019.
He had been allowed to leave Pakistan in 2016 to receive medical treatment, meaning the sentence was unlikely ever to be carried out. But it was a humiliating first for the military, which has ruled the country for long spells.
In June 2022, following premature reports Musharraf had died in Dubai, his family announced there was little chance he would recover from multiple organ failure linked to a rare disease from which he suffered, amyloidosis.
Belarus, Sri Lanka agree to enhance links in business and education
Belarus and Sri Lanka have agreed to enhance links in business and education when the visiting Belarusian diplomat held meetings in Parliament, the Ministry of Justice, and institutions of the penitentiary system of Sri Lanka, and the Ceylon Chamber of Commerce recently.
The matter was discussed during the working visit of Belarusian Ambassador to India with concurrent accreditation to Bangladesh, Sri Lanka, and Nepal Andrei Rzheussky to Sri Lanka, the Belarusian embassy in India announced.
Belarusian Ambassador to India with concurrent accreditation to Bangladesh, Sri Lanka, and Nepal Andrei Rzheussky held a number of meetings with the leadership of government agencies and chambers of commerce in Sri Lanka.
During the meeting of Andrei Rzheussky and his delegation with Minister of Education of Sri Lanka Dr. Susil Premajayantha and the Sri Lankan representatives expressed willingness to expand cooperation with Belarus in engineering, agricultural, information, vocational and technical specialties, including joint educational programs of double diploma.
They also showed their interest in establishing cooperation with the National Academy of Sciences of Belarus. The Sri Lankan side praised a significant increase in the number of students from Sri Lanka studying at medical institutions of Belarus.
A round table was held to feature representatives of over 25 higher educational institutions of Sri Lanka, educational associations, foundations and departments of professional training.
An agreement was reached on a visit of a Sri Lankan educational delegation led by the minister of education to Belarus in H1 2023.
The expansion of inter-parliamentary relations between Belarus and Sri Lanka was discussed at the ambassador’s meeting with Speaker of the Sri Lankan Parliament Mahinda Yapa Abeywardana and Secretary General of Parliament Dhammika Dasanayake.
“The speaker of the Sri Lankan Parliament confirmed his willingness to take concrete steps to resume the friendship group with the Republic of Belarus in the Sri Lankan Parliament with the observation of all necessary procedures.
The prospects of supplies of Belarusian food and chemical products to the Sri Lankan market were discussed at the meeting of Andrei Rzheussky with Minister of Agriculture Mahinda Amaraweera.
Trade and economic cooperation was the focus of the talks between the Belarusian ambassador and the presidents of the Federation of Chambers of Commerce and Industry of Sri Lanka, the National Chamber of Commerce of Sri Lanka and representatives of Sri Lankan businesses.
“Agreements were reached on building closer trade, economic and investment cooperation between our friendly countries.
The Sri Lankan party expressed their readiness to host an official delegation of the Belarusian Hi-Tech Park, Bremino-Orsha and representatives of the Belarusian business,” the embassy said
Domestic LP Gas prices soar
By: Isuru Parakrama
Colombo (LNW): The price of a 12.5 kg domestic lp gas cylinder will increase by Rs. 334 with effect from midnight today (05), announced LITRO.
Accordingly, the new price of a 12.5 kg cylinder will be Rs. 4,743.
The price of a 5 kg cylinder will increase by Rs. 134 and the new price will be Rs. 1,904.
The price of a 2.3 kg cylinder, by Rs. 61 and new price, Rs. 883.
Sri Lanka Original Narrative Summary: 05/02
- President Ranil Wickremasinghe says the foundation for a strong new economy has already been formulated: asserts country is successfully completing the difficult stage required to get support from the IMF.
- President Ranil Wickremesinghe says the corrupt political factionalism that deceives the people and makes them poor forever, should be changed: also says that is the “system change” the youth of the country have been demanding for a long period.
- President Ranil Wickremesinghe calls on all Sri Lankans at home and abroad to devote themselves and unite as children of one mother to make Sri Lanka one of the most developed countries in the world by 2048.
- SLPP Economic expert & Minister Dr Bandula Gunawardena says Sri Lanka will fall into a “bottomless economic, social and political abyss” unless Govt increases taxes, imposes controls on imports and cuts expenditure: also says there’s “no other option” than agreeing to the IMF conditions.
- China’s Foreign Ministry Spokeswoman Mao Ning, in a landmark statement, says multilateral lenders like the IMF & World Bank must restructure their loans to developing countries like Sri Lanka and Zambia that are struggling to repay: on 27th March 2021, at a UN Finance Ministers Sessions, Sri Lanka’s former State Minister of Finance Ajith Nivard Cabraal had also called on the multi-lateral organisations like the IMF & World Bank to provide a “debt moratorium” to emerging nations.
- UNICEF says 7 mn people in SL are in need of humanitarian assistance due to the economic crisis: also says essential services for children such as health, nutrition & education have been severely impacted by shortages of medicine, food insecurity, lack of fuel and long power cuts.
- Several suspects who were arrested yesterday over the attack on the protestors who were near the Elphinstone Theatre in Maradana, remanded until 17th February: 4 activists, who were produced before court, granted bail.
- Prominent crypto-currency advocate and billionaire Tim Draper’s proposal to promote the widespread adoption of Bitcoin in Sri Lanka, not well received at meetings with President Ranil Wickremesinghe and CB Governor Nandalal Weerasinghe.
- Sri Lanka Customs Spokesman Sudattha Silva says bringing gold-plated credit cards and capsules that contain gold gel are the newest ways of smuggling gold into the country: also says Customs officials are now employing technology to detect gold of more than 22 carats.
- Deputy Director of the National Hospital Dr Rukshan Bellana alleges he is under threat subsequent to the exposure of what he called a “narcotics mafia” operating in Govt Hospitals: previously, Dr Bellana had to be rescued by Police when a group of minor staff laid siege to his office.
Commonwealth Secretary General says she wants every Sri Lankan to know they’re not alone
By: Isuru Parakrama
Colombo (LNW): As Sri Lanka continues to feel the weight of political and economic pressure, Secretary General of the Commonwealth Patricia Scotland said she wants every Sri Lankan to know that they are not alone.
“I know that Sri Lanka continues to feel the weight of political and economic pressure. The pressure can be hard to bear. It can be destabilising, isolating, and frightening, and I am here because I want every Sri Lankan to know that you are not alone. You are part of this special precious Commonwealth family,” said the Commonwealth Secretary-General addressing the Inaugural Lecture for Geopolitical Cartographers.
The Geopolitical Cartographer was held on the theme of “The role of the Commonwealth in an Era of ‘Polycrisis’ “under the patronage of President Ranil Wickremesinghe, two days ago (03) at the Colombo City Centre.
Speaking further the Secretary-General said as a family we have responsibility for one another. A duty to each other, a shared love and a shared journey and you are not alone like the challenges you face.
‘I travel all around the commonwealth and the wider world and whilst every country and its direct experience and circumstances are different, they are similar challenges everywhere and you may feel that you are living in a country under pressure, but the reality is that we are all living in a world under pressure. All of us are tightly bound by a tangled knot of crisis-spanning global systems. A world living with the social political and economic consequences of COVID-19,’ she said.
Showers or thundershowers to continue at several places
By: Isuru Parakrama
Colombo (LNW): Several spells of showers will occur in Eastern and Uva provinces and in Hambantota and Polonnaruwa districts, and showers or thundershowers will occur at several places in Western, Sabaragamuwa and Central provinces and in Galle, Matara and Kurunegala districts during the afternoon or night, the Department of Meteorology said in a statement today (05).
A few showers may occur in the coastal areas of western province during the morning too.
General public is kindly requested to take adequate precautions to minimise damages caused by temporary localised strong winds and lightning during thundershowers
Marine Weather:
| Condition of Rain: |
| Showers or thundershowers will occur at times in sea areas off the coast extending from Hambantota to Trincomalee via Pottuvil. Showers or thundershowers may occur at several places in the other sea areas around the Island. |
| Winds: |
| Winds will be north-easterly and wind speed will be (25-35) kmph. Wind speed may increase up to (40-45) kmph at times off the coast extending from Chilaw to Kankasanthurai via Mannar and in sea areas off the coast extending from Hambantota to Pottuvil. |
| State of Sea: |
| The sea areas off the coast extending from Chilaw to Kankasanthurai via Mannar and from Hambantota to Pottuvil will be fairly rough at times. The other sea areas around the Island will be moderate.Temporarily strong gusty winds and very rough seas can be expected during thundershowers. |
SRI LANKA: Few Reflections on the Sri Lanka’s Independence Day
By Basil Fernando
Colombo (LNW): As Sri Lanka is to celebrate its 75th anniversary of Independence on the 4th of February, the general reaction of the people around the country this year is one of despondency with serious criticisms about the failure of governance in the country.
The need for thinking through some of the more difficult problems relating to the rule of law and human rights has been a long felt need of all parties concerned over the situation that has been developing in Sri Lanka which has become more difficult due to the current economic collapse, political crisis, and the serious threat posed to the administration of the justice system in Sri Lanka with the serious undermining of the Policing and criminal justice system, and the ever increasing abuse of the law for the suppression of the freedoms of assembly, association, and expression, particularly through the abuse of arrest and detention, the denial of the right to a fair trial, and in general, the disregard for the due process of the law.
SCFR case decision on the security failures
In a recent judgement, seven Judges of the Supreme Court found that the former President of Sri Lanka (Maithripala Sirisena) and a few former high ranking State officials including the Secretary to the Ministry of Defence (Hemasiri Fernando), the Inspector General of Police (Pujith Jayasundara), the Chief of National Intelligence (Sisira Mendis), and the Head of the State Intelligence Service (Nilantha Jayawardena) have failed in their obligations to guarantee security and protection for the people of Sri Lanka and that this has resulted in one of the most devastating security lapses which killed over 270 persons and injured an even much larger number in several bomb blasts directed particularly to places of worship on Easter Sunday of 2019. Observing this situation, the Supreme Court noted: “We must express our shock and dismay at the deplorable want of oversight and inaction that we have seen in the conduct of affairs pertaining to security, law and order, and Intelligence. There are glaring examples of a lack of strategic coordination, expertise and preparedness that need a critical examination as to the way forward. The failures that eventuated in the Easter Sunday attacks and the concomitant deaths and devastation have left behind an indelible blot on the security apparatus of the country and this country which is blessed by a multi-cultural and multi-religious polity cannot be left to the vagaries of these follies and made to suffer, leading to violence, fear, apprehension and uncertainty. These events must recede into oblivion but they remind us starkly of the necessity to effect legislative, structural and administrative changes.”(SC Fundamental Rights 163/2019).
To fulfil this destiny as envisaged by the Supreme Court in Sri Lanka for legislative, administrative, and structural changes, the Government of Sri Lanka and the people will have to find ways if Sri Lanka is to overcome the serious loss of confidence in the international financial markets where the country has been downgraded as it is in a state of default in the payment of its foreign debts. The crisis of governance and the crisis of the economy are thus bound together.
A historical ruts of the crisis
The popular criticism in the country is that no policies or plans have been presented by the Government or other political stakeholders to resolve multiple questions relating to this situation. The general expectation is that things are likely to get worst rather than to improve in the coming months.
Although the present situation is bewildering, the country’s collapse into this situation has a long history. Although the country became Independent in 1948 from the British rule, this Independence was nominal rather than substantial and real. From the colonial status, the country changed to an Independent status. The administrative and political structures that were created have not developed enough to ensure the protection and welfare of the people within a framework of rational governance. In fact, Sri Lanka has not evolved into a modern State at any time. The structure of governance which prevailed from around the 9th Century Anno Domini to the early part of the 19th Century, before the British took over the control of the country in 1815, was based on the strict segregation of the people on the basis of caste. In the majority Sinhala speaking community, the division was made as a relationship between the Kuleena (meaning those who had power and wealth) and the Kulaheena (meaning those who are powerless and had no dignity). A similar system prevailed under different titles in the Tamil community also. Thus, during this long period of several centuries, there was no idea of people with equal rights and equal opportunities.
Impact of over ten centuries of internal divisions
The two principles that the caste system stood for were: the complete prohibition on social mobility where people were kept prisoners of their own caste groups and any attempt to improve their living conditions was punishable with extremely serious punishments; and the associated second principle was the imposing of unequal and disproportionate punishments. This meant that if those who were considered as belonging to lower castes committed even a simple transgression, that person and even his or her family could be subjected to death along with the destruction of whatever belonged to them. Meanwhile, those who belonged to what was considered high caste could not be punished except even for graver crimes committed against underprivileged groups.
These two principles were the pillars on which the Sri Lankan society was organized during this long period. This long held practice created a habit of mind and social behaviour which in turn created a kind of ‘culture’ that remains even up to date. The introduction of some rationalistic administrative methodologies introduced by the British during their rule superficially made some changes to this situation but was unable to touch the core of the repressive culture which has taken root in the country. In the recent decades, even these limited modernizations introduced by the British have been subjected to great erosion. The return to a more repressive society which attempts to displace democracy, the rule of law and human rights is quite manifest in the present times.
Failure to develop state mechanism
All these factors have contributed to obstruct Sri Lanka’s development of its own State machinery on the basis of the people’s sovereignty although the Constitution itself has recognized that all power in the nation is derived on that principle. Instead of the people’s sovereignty, the absolute power of the chief Executive has been established through the same Constitution, i.e. the Constitution introduced in 1978. This Constitution is a major stumbling block for the creation of a State mechanism based on the principles of democracy, the rule of law, and human rights. A major task facing the Sri Lankan State and the people is to replace this Constitution with a constitution that asserts the sovereignty of people through the creation of State mechanisms functioning under the norms and standards of democracy. The security of the people will depend very much on the manner in which this problem is resolved in a positive manner in the immediate future.
A nation can be built only on the basis of solidarity that exists among the people on the basis of the equality of all the persons living in such a nation. The concept of equality, though recognized formally in the laws, has not been implemented in a manner that could bring about unity in all segments of the society. The poor feel that they are completely alienated within their own society. Even leading politicians themselves recognize that there is a loss of confidence in the Parliament itself due to the chasm between the representatives of the people and the people themselves. However, despite such a recognition, there has been no real attempt to resolve this problem and to restore the confidence in the State.
The result is divisions everywhere on the basis of many factors such as discrimination against the weaker sections of the society of all communities in terms of every aspect of life. The psychology of division exists because of caste based cultural practices which prevent convergence into a single nation. Discrimination against minorities also has the same effect and is a source of constant misunderstandings and conflicts while discrimination against females is also one mode of division in the country. These and other forms of failures to ensure equality among citizens prevent the emergence of consensus on all major issues confronting the country.
The alarming failures of the criminal justice system
One of the most alarming factors at the moment is the most visible weakening of the criminal justice system. There is widespread crimes such as murder, rape, theft and robbery, and above all, the rising of corruption to Himalayan proportions. The criminal investigation capacity and the quality of policing have degenerated to such an extent that even the Inspector General of Police has admitted the serious nature of this problem. Similarly, the prosecutor’s office functioning under the Attorney General’s Department has also been the subject of constant criticism. The Judiciary itself suffers from extremely chronic delays, creating problems for the litigants as well as the witnesses to the cases. Those who complain of being unable to get justice due to multiple causes even go on to say that they have lost confidence in the justice system. As a result of all these, there is a popular feeling of insecurity arising out of non-governance and mis-governance. Among the younger generations, there is large scale migration from Sri Lanka due mainly to severe unemployment.
Under these circumstances it is only natural that there is widespread discontent and protests everywhere. Unfortunately, instead of attempting to openly discuss with the people about their problems, the Government resorts to repression against them. Particularly, the younger generations who have shown a remarkable capacity for peaceful attempts to get attention to these problems, are being treated harshly by using illegal arrests, illegal detention, and harsh attacks on peaceful demonstrators.
In one recent case, even the Magistrate hearing it observed that the Police have misused the Prevention of Terrorism (Temporary Provisions) Act law without any justifiable grounds. Also, the media has come under severe attacks, in particular those who are engaged in social media networks.
An urgent need to act
The Independence Day brings to the mind of everyone that Sri Lanka requires the taking of urgent actions to begin to address these problems. The only manner through which this could be done is to allow the people to participate in bringing about a nationwide discourse on policies and plans to bring about solutions to economic, political, social, and cultural problems that are hindering the progress of the development of the country. It is only the critical mass that would be able to assist the people and the State to make the Independence real and to strengthen the solidarity of the entire nation on the basis of equality, democratic participation, the rule of law, and human rights. The duty of the State is to create the environment for such a critical mass to operate peacefully and constructively at this most crucial hour of the country’s history.
Corruption Perceptions Index 2022 confirms the detrimental effects of systemic corruption in Sri Lanka
Colombo (LNW): The latest Corruption Perceptions Index (CPI) compiled by Transparency International (TI) was released today. The CPI scores 180 countries and territories around the world based on perceptions of public sector corruption. The scores reflect the views of experts and surveys from the business sector. The CPI is calculated using data from 13 external sources, including the World Bank, World Economic Forum, private risk and consulting companies and Think-Tanks. The CPI uses a scale from 0 to 100, whereby 100 is considered very clean and 0 is considered highly corrupt.
Sri Lanka’s score in the 2022 CPI stands at 36 out of 100, one point lower than the previous year, which was 37, and two points lower than from 2020 – 2017 and 2014, where the CPI score remained stagnated at 38. Sri Lanka ranks at 101 in 2022, along with Panama, Albania, Kazakhstan, Serbia, Ecuador, Peru and Thailand. Over the past 10 years Sri Lanka’s CPI score has remained relatively the same, from the highest being 40 in 2012 and the lowest being 36, which is the score this year and was the score in 2016. The top countries on the Index are Denmark (90), Finland (87) and New Zealand (87) while South Sudan (13), Syria (13) and Somalia (12) remain at the bottom of the CPI in 2022. Types of public sector corruption and related criteria captured in the CPI encompass bribery, diversion of public funds, effective prosecution of corruption cases, adequate legal frameworks, access to information, and legal protections for whistleblowers, journalists and investigators.
According to the Transparency International Secretariat in Germany, corruption levels remain at a standstill worldwide, with most of the world failing to fight corruption, illustrated by 95% of countries making little to no progress in the CPI since 2017. TI further notes that though governments have claimed they would tackle corruption, only few have taken concrete action, leading to pervasive corruption, coupled with crackdowns on civic space that have aggravated the situation.
Transparency International Sri Lanka (TISL) notes with grave concern that Sri Lanka too demonstrates the same lack of progress in terms of resisting corruption, coupled with suppression of civil society, culminating from a lack of political will to change the system, even amidst the crippling effects of kleptocracy on the country’s economy and on the quality of life of citizens. TISL urges the Government to recall how Sri Lankans of all walks of life came together in protest against those who were responsible for the bankruptcy of the nation, understanding the very close connection between corruption, poor governance, the country’s economy and their day to day lives. The International Monetary Fund (IMF) on which the Government is depending to resuscitate the fallen economy, also emphasized the need to reduce corruption vulnerabilities, by improving fiscal transparency, public financial management and a stronger anti-corruption legal framework.
While the Government is in critical need to attract foreign investments, tourism and other income generation methods along with debt restructuring, foreign aid and other support from the international community to be able to secure the essentials for the people, it is paramount that the trust in the Government, the legislature and the public sector be restored within and outside of Sri Lanka.
TISL also recalls the essential anti-corruption reforms that it urged the Government to implement to revive the economy, none of which stand implemented as at this day. TISL reiterates that strengthening the parliamentary oversight on public finance, ensuring transparency and accountability in public procurement, de-politicizing the public sector, auditing and reviewing the State-owned Enterprises and strengthening law enforcement are some examples of critical and urgent action that are necessary if Sri Lankans are to fight corruption and usher in a true system change. TISL notes that the only way to restore public trust would be for the government to fulfill these requirements in action rather than in words.
TISL also calls on all Sri Lankans to pioneer the cultural change that is essential for a systems change. TISL urges citizens to resist corruption and uphold personal integrity at all times, adopting a zero-tolerance policy to corruption in work places and businesses, fulfilling civic responsibilities, using the right to information, participating in governance, keep demanding critical reforms and voting differently and wisely at the upcoming elections.
Full Corruption Perceptions Index 2022: www.transparency.org/en/cpi/2022